<!DOCTYPE METADATA PUBLIC "-//FGDC//DTD METADATA 2.0//EN">
<metadata>
<idinfo>
<citation>
<citeinfo>
<origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
<pubdate>20030901</pubdate>
<title>National Land Cover Database Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness Layer</title>
<edition>1.0</edition>
<geoform>remote-sensing image</geoform>
<serinfo>
<sername>None</sername>
<issue>None</issue>
</serinfo>
<pubinfo>
<pubplace>Sioux Falls, SD</pubplace>
<publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>
</pubinfo>
<othercit>
References:
Yang, L, C. Huang, C. Homer, B. Wylie, and M. Coan, 2002. An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces:  Synergistic use of Landsat 7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery.  Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 29: 2, 230-240.

Homer, C., C. Huang, L. Yang, B. Wylie and M. Coan, 2004. Development of a 2001 national land cover database for the United States.  Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.

The USGS acknowledges the support of NOAA in development of data in this zone.
</othercit>
<onlink>http://www.mrlc.gov</onlink>
</citeinfo>
</citation>
<descript>
<abstract>
The National Land Cover Database 2001 for the Hawaiian mapping zone was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium.  The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land Cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution.  For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer et al. (2003) and http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp.

The NLCD 2001 was created by partitioning the U.S. into mapping zones.  A total of 66 mapping zones were delineated within the conterminous U.S. based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge matching features and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics.  The Hawaiian mapping zone encompasses the state of Hawaii.  Questions about the NLCD Hawaiian mapping zone can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.
</abstract>
<purpose>The goal of this project is to provide the Nation with complete, current and consistent public domain information on its land use and land cover.</purpose>
<supplinf>
Corner Coordinates (center of pixel, projection meters)
Upper Left Corner:   -345930 meters(X),  2132400 meters(Y)
Lower Right Corner:  237210 meters(X),  1753890 meters(Y)
</supplinf>
</descript>
<timeperd>
<timeinfo>
<rngdates>
<begdate>19990802</begdate>
<enddate>20030222</enddate>
</rngdates>
</timeinfo>
<current>ground condition</current>
</timeperd>
<status>
<progress>Complete</progress>
<update>As needed</update>
</status>
<spdom>
<bounding>
<westbc>-160.27111</westbc>
<eastbc>154.73944</eastbc>
<northbc>22.29111</northbc>
<southbc>-18.85833</southbc>
</bounding>
</spdom>
<keywords>
<theme>
<themekt>None</themekt>
<themekey>Imperviousness</themekey>
<themekey>GIS</themekey>
<themekey>U.S. Geological Survey</themekey>
<themekey>USGS</themekey>
<themekey>digital spatial data</themekey>
</theme>
<theme>
<themekt>ISO 19115 Category</themekt>
<themekey>imagery</themekey>
<themekey>Base Maps</themekey>
<themekey>Earth Cover</themekey>
</theme>
<place>
<placekt>U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard 10-4,): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology</placekt>
<placekey>United States</placekey>
<placekey>U.S.</placekey>
<placekey>US</placekey>
</place>
<place>
<placekt>None</placekt>
<placekey>Hawaiian mapping zone</placekey>
</place>
<place>
<placekt>U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology</placekt>
<placekey>HI</placekey>
<placekey>Hawaii</placekey>
</place>
</keywords>
<accconst>None</accconst>
<useconst>None</useconst>
<ptcontac>
<cntinfo>
<cntorgp>
<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
</cntorgp>
<cntpos>Customer Services Representative</cntpos>
<cntaddr>
<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
<address>USGS/EROS</address>
<address>47914 252nd Street</address>
<city>Sioux Falls</city>
<state>SD</state>
<postal>57198-0001</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntvoice>605/594-6151</cntvoice>
<cnttdd>605/594-6933</cnttdd>
<cntfax>605/594-6589</cntfax>
<cntemail>custserv@usgs.gov</cntemail>
<hours>0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</hours>
<cntinst>
The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to:
http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp or email:  mrlc@usgs.gov
</cntinst>
</cntinfo>
</ptcontac>
<datacred>U.S. Geological Survey,NOAA.</datacred>
<secinfo>
<secsys>None</secsys>
<secclass>Unclassified</secclass>
<sechandl>N/A</sechandl>
</secinfo>
<native>Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535</native>
</idinfo>
<dataqual>
<attracc>
<attraccr>The information on data quality for the Hawaiian mapping zone was generated by the Regression Tree algorithm that conducts a cross-validation for assessing classification and prediction reliability.  No formal independent accuracy assessment of the Hawaiian mapping zone imperviousness has been made.  The regression tree algorithm employed in NLCD 2001 mapping offers a cross-validation option for assessing classification and prediction reliability.  Cross-validation can provide relatively reliable estimates for imperviousness predictions if the reference data used for cross-validation are collected based on a statistically valid sampling design.  For the Hawaiian mapping zone imperviousness modeling, a 5-fold cross-validation was conducted by dividing the entire training data set into 5 subsets of equal size.  For each model run, an accuracy estimate was derived using one subset to evaluate the model prediction (with the model developed using the remaining training samples).  This process was repeated 5 times.  After all 5 runs, an average value of all accuracy estimates from the 5 runs was computed.  Users should be cautioned that these cross-validation results provide users with only first-order estimates of data quality, and should not be considered a formal accuracy assessment.</attraccr>
<qattracc>
<attraccv>plus or minus 8.6 percent</attraccv>
<attracce>The above listed value is the overall accuracy obtained for imperviousness data in the cross-validation study the Hawaiian mapping zone.  This accuracy is valid only for the areas not covered by NOAA&apos;s original high-resolution classification.  This 2.4 classifcation exists for all areas of Hawaii except portions of the big island.  Imperviousness was generated for these areas using training from the original 2.4m classification.  The 2.4m classification was degraded to 30m and used in all areas of the islands where it existed.  This classification is available for download from NOAA&apos;s website listed here:  http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ccap/pacific/</attracce>
</qattracc>
</attracc>
<logic>The method employed to map percent imperviousness for NLCD 2001 Hawaiian mapping zone consists of three key steps: deriving reference data of imperviousness from the high spatial resolution images, calibrating density prediction models using reference data and Landsat spectral bands, and extrapolating the developed models spatially to map per-pixel imperviousness.</logic>
<complete>This NLCD product of the Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness layer is the version dated 10-28-08.</complete>
<posacc>
<horizpa>
<horizpar>N/A</horizpar>
</horizpa>
<vertacc>
<vertaccr>N/A</vertaccr>
</vertacc>
</posacc>
<lineage>
<procstep>
<procdesc>The method employed to map percent imperviousness for NLCD 2001 Hawaiian mapping zone consists of three key steps: deriving reference data of imperviousness from the high spatial resolution images, calibrating density prediction models using reference data and Landsat spectral bands, and extrapolating the developed models spatially to map per-pixel imperviousness.  This method is described in detail in Yang et al. (2003).  This method was applied to the Hawaiian mapping zone by USGS.</procdesc>
<srcused>Landsat ETM, DOQQ, USGS/EROS</srcused>
<procdate>Unknown</procdate>
<srcprod>USGS NLCD</srcprod>
<proccont>
<cntinfo>
<cntorgp>
<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
</cntorgp>
<cntpos>Customer Service Representative</cntpos>
<cntaddr>
<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
<address>USGS/EROS</address>
<address>47914 252nd Street</address>
<city>Sioux Falls</city>
<state>SD</state>
<postal>57198-0001</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntvoice>605/594-6151</cntvoice>
<cnttdd>605/594-6933</cnttdd>
<cntfax>605/594-6589</cntfax>
<cntemail>custserv@usgs.gov</cntemail>
<hours>0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</hours>
</cntinfo>
</proccont>
</procstep>
<procstep>
<procdesc>
To develop adequate training data for impervious estimation, NOAA&apos;s 2.4m classification was used as training.  This 2.4 classifcation exists for all areas of Hawaii except portions of the big island.  Imperviousness was generated for these areas using training from the original 2.4m classification.  The 2.4m classification was degraded to 30m and used in all areas of the islands where it existed.  This classification is available for download from NOAA&apos;s website listed here:  http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ccap/pacific/

By combining the training data with Landsat spectral data and other ancillary data, percent imperviousness prediction models were developed using a regression tree algorithm (named &quot;Cubist&quot;).   All data layers used as input for running the Cubist in order to establish the prediction model for imperviousness are listed in the &quot;Supplemental Information&quot; section.  Three ancillary data sets were used for urban/suburban delineation masking, which is essential to confine the imperviousness mapping within the developed areas.

After the best combination of possible input data layers had been determined and the final percent impervious layer produced, the urban mask created was used to eliminate those pixels from the final percent impervious file that fall outside identified impervious surface areas.  Thus, the impervious pixels identified within the mask were retained, while all non-impervious surface pixels were removed from the final product.  This corrected for any small areas of pixels that may have been included as part of the impervious surface layer because their spectral signature was not covered in the Cubist modeling process.  Finally, visual inspection of imperviousness layer was made with limited manual editing to eliminate non-urban areas based on area of interest delineated by the mapping team.

Acquisition dates of Landsat ETM+ (TM) scenes used for land cover classification in Hawaiian zone are as follows:

Path62 /Row 46 on 02/14/2000 = Scene ID 70620460214200000
Path62 /Row 46 on 12/30/2000 = Scene ID 70620461230200000
Path62 /Row 46 on 02/03/2002 = Scene ID 70620460203200200
Path62 /Row 47 on 02/14/2000 = Scene ID 70620470214200000
Path62 /Row 47 on 06/05/2000 = Scene ID 70620470605200000
Path62 /Row 47 on 01/31/2001 = Scene ID 70620470131200100
Path62 /Row 47 on 05/23/2001 = Scene ID 70620470523200100
Path62 /Row 47 on 01/02/2002 = Scene ID 70620470102200200
Path62 /Row 47 on 01/05/2003 = Scene ID 70620470105200300
Path62 /Row 47 on 02/22/2003 = Scene ID 70620470222200300
Path63 /Row 46 on 02/05/2000 = Scene ID 70630460205200000
Path63 /Row 46 on 09/16/2000 = Scene ID 70630460916200000
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/06/2001 = Scene ID 70630460106200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/22/2001 = Scene ID 70630460122200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 02/23/2001 = Scene ID 70630460223200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 08/02/2001 = Scene ID 70630460802200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 10/05/2001 = Scene ID 70630461005200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/09/2002 = Scene ID 70630460109200200
Path63 /Row 46 on 09/22/2002 = Scene ID 70630460922200200
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/28/2003 = Scene ID 70630460128200300
Path64 /Row 45 on 02/12/2000 = Scene ID 70640450212200000
Path64 /Row 45 on 02/28/2000 = Scene ID 70640450228200000
Path64 /Row 45 on 05/24/2002 = Scene ID 70640450524200200
Path64 /Row 45 on 07/27/2002 = Scene ID 70640450727200200
Path65 /Row 45 on 02/19/2000 = Scene ID 70650450219200000
Path65 /Row 45 on 12/19/2000 = Scene ID 70650451219200000
Path65 /Row 45 on 09/01/2001 = Scene ID 70650450901200100
Path65 /Row 45 on 12/22/2001 = Scene ID 70650451222200100
Path66 /Row 45 on 08/02/1999 = Scene ID 70660450802199900
Path66 /Row 45 on 01/09/2000 = Scene ID 70660450109200000
Path66 /Row 45 on 12/26/2000 = Scene ID 70660451226200000
Path66 /Row 45 on 01/11/2001 = Scene ID 70660450111200100

Landsat data and ancillary data used for the imperviousness prediction -

Data Type of DEM composed of 1 band and a Continuous Variable Type.

Data Type of Slope composed of 1 band and a Continuous Variable Type.

Data Type of Aspect composed of 1 band of Categorical Variable Type.

Data type of Position Index composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.

Ancillary data used for urban area masking include:
1. NOAA Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 1 km city light data (1 band)
2. MRLC 1992 classification (1 band)
3. TIGER 2000 roads (1 band)
</procdesc>
<srcused>Landsat ETM, DEM</srcused>
<procdate>Unknown</procdate>
<srcprod>USGS NLCD</srcprod>
<proccont>
<cntinfo>
<cntorgp>
<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
</cntorgp>
<cntpos>Customer Service Representative</cntpos>
<cntaddr>
<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
<address>USGS/EROS</address>
<address>47914 252nd Street</address>
<city>Sioux Falls</city>
<state>SD</state>
<postal>57198-0001</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntvoice>605/594-6151</cntvoice>
<cnttdd>605/594-6933</cnttdd>
<cntfax>605/594-6589</cntfax>
<cntemail>custserv@usgs.gov</cntemail>
<hours>0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</hours>
<cntinst>The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  Questions about the NLCD Hawaiian mapping zone can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.</cntinst>
</cntinfo>
</proccont>
</procstep>
</lineage>
</dataqual>
<spdoinfo>
<direct>Raster</direct>
<rastinfo>
<rasttype>Pixel</rasttype>
<rowcount>12560</rowcount>
<colcount>19263</colcount>
<vrtcount>1</vrtcount>
</rastinfo>
</spdoinfo>
<spref>
<horizsys>
<planar>
<mapproj>
<mapprojn>Albers Conical Equal Area</mapprojn>
<albers>
<stdparll>8.000000</stdparll>
<stdparll>18.000000</stdparll>
<longcm>-157.000000</longcm>
<latprjo>3.000000</latprjo>
<feast>0.000000</feast>
<fnorth>0.000000</fnorth>
</albers>
</mapproj>
<planci>
<plance>row and column</plance>
<coordrep>
<absres>30.000000</absres>
<ordres>30.000000</ordres>
</coordrep>
<plandu>meters</plandu>
</planci>
</planar>
<geodetic>
<horizdn>North American Datum of 1983</horizdn>
<ellips>Geodetic Reference System 80</ellips>
<semiaxis>6378137.000000</semiaxis>
<denflat>298.257222</denflat>
</geodetic>
</horizsys>
</spref>
<eainfo>
<detailed>
<enttyp>
<enttypl>Layer_1</enttypl>
<enttypd>NLDC Imperviousness Layer</enttypd>
<enttypds>National Land Cover Database 2001</enttypds>
</enttyp>
<attr>
<attrlabl>ObjectID</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Internal feature number</attrdef>
<attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<udom>Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.</udom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Value</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Percent Imperviousness</attrdef>
<attrdefs>NLCD 2001</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<rdom>
<rdommin>0</rdommin>
<rdommax>100</rdommax>
<attrunit>percentage</attrunit>
<attrmres>0.1</attrmres>
</rdom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Count</attrlabl>
<attrdef>A nominal integer value that designates the number of pixels that have each value in the file; histogram column in ERDAS Imagine raster attributes table</attrdef>
<attrdefs>NLCD 2001</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<udom>Integer</udom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Red</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Red color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.</attrdef>
<attrdefs>NLCD 2001</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<rdom>
<rdommin>0</rdommin>
<rdommax>100</rdommax>
<attrunit>CSS Color Value Percentage</attrunit>
<attrmres>0.1</attrmres>
</rdom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Green</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Green color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.</attrdef>
<attrdefs>NLCD 2001</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<rdom>
<rdommin>0</rdommin>
<rdommax>100</rdommax>
<attrunit>CSS Color Value Percentage</attrunit>
<attrmres>0.1</attrmres>
</rdom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Blue</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Blue color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.</attrdef>
<attrdefs>NLCD 2001</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<rdom>
<rdommin>0</rdommin>
<rdommax>100</rdommax>
<attrunit>CSS Color Value Percentage</attrunit>
<attrmres>0.1</attrmres>
</rdom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Opacity</attrlabl>
<attrdef>A measure of how opaque, or solid, a color is displayed in a layer.</attrdef>
<attrdefs>NLCD 2001</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<rdom>
<rdommin>0</rdommin>
<rdommax>100</rdommax>
<attrunit>Percentage</attrunit>
<attrmres>0.1</attrmres>
</rdom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
</detailed>
<overview>
<eaover>Attributes defined by USGS and ESRI.</eaover>
<eadetcit>Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section.  Note: To ensure all areas of the Hawaiian mapping zone are completely covered, a 3,000 meter (100 Landsat pixels) buffer was added to the boundary of the Hawaiian mapping zone.</eadetcit>
</overview>
</eainfo>
<distinfo>
<distrib>
<cntinfo>
<cntorgp>
<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
</cntorgp>
<cntpos>Customer Service Representative</cntpos>
<cntaddr>
<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
<address>USGS/EROS</address>
<address>47914 252nd Street</address>
<city>Sioux Falls</city>
<state>SD</state>
<postal>57198-0001</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntvoice>605/594-6151</cntvoice>
<cnttdd>605/594-6933</cnttdd>
<cntfax>605/594-6589</cntfax>
<cntemail>custserv@usgs.gov</cntemail>
<hours>0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</hours>
<cntinst>The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  Questions about the NLCD Hawaiian mapping zone can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.</cntinst>
</cntinfo>
</distrib>
<resdesc>Downloadable data</resdesc>
<distliab>Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.  Data may have been compiled from various outside sources.  Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards.  This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results.</distliab>
<stdorder>
<digform>
<digtinfo>
<formname>Arc/Info Export Format and/or ArcView Shapefile</formname>
<formvern>ArcGIS 9.0</formvern>
<formspec>ASCII</formspec>
<transize>0.001</transize>
</digtinfo>
<digtopt>
<onlinopt>
<computer>
<networka>
<networkr>http://seamless.usgs.gov</networkr>
</networka>
</computer>
<accinstr>The URL http://seamless.usgs.gov provides a map interface that allows for data downloads within a customer defined area of interest.  Zoom tools are available that can be used to investigate areas of interest on the map interface.  The download tool allows the customer to capture layers from the map, utilizing the Seamless Data Distribution System process for downloading.  A request summary page is then generated with the download layers listed.  By clicking the &quot;download&quot; button on the summary page, a zipped file will be generated that can be saved on the customer&apos;s computer.  The file can then be unzipped and imported into various user software applications.</accinstr>
<oncomp>Not available for dissemination</oncomp>
</onlinopt>
</digtopt>
</digform>
<fees>None</fees>
<ordering>Contact Customer Services</ordering>
<turnarnd>Variable</turnarnd>
</stdorder>
<custom>Contact Customer Services Representative</custom>
<techpreq>ESRI ArcMap Suite and/or Arc/Info software, and supporting operating systems.</techpreq>
</distinfo>
<metainfo>
<metd>20081029</metd>
<metc>
<cntinfo>
<cntorgp>
<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
</cntorgp>
<cntpos>Customer Services Representative</cntpos>
<cntaddr>
<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
<address>USGS/EROS</address>
<address>47914 252nd Street</address>
<city>Sioux Falls</city>
<state>SD</state>
<postal>57198-0001</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntvoice>605/594-6151</cntvoice>
<cnttdd>605/594-6933</cnttdd>
<cntfax>605/594-6589</cntfax>
<cntemail>custserv@usgs.gov</cntemail>
<hours>0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</hours>
</cntinfo>
</metc>
<metstdn>FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
<metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
<mettc>local time</mettc>
<metac>None</metac>
<metuc>None</metuc>
<metsi>
<metscs>None</metscs>
<metsc>None</metsc>
<metshd>None</metshd>
</metsi>
<metextns>
<onlink>http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html</onlink>
<metprof>ESRI Metadata Profile</metprof>
</metextns>
</metainfo>
</metadata>
