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<title>National Land Cover Database Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness Layer</title>
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<meta name="dc.title" content="National Land Cover Database Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness Layer ">
<meta name="dc.creator" content="U.S. Geological Survey ">
<meta name="dc.subject" content="Imperviousness GIS U.S. Geological Survey USGS digital spatial data ">
<meta name="dc.description" content="The National Land Cover Database 2001 for the Hawaiian mapping zone was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium.  The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land Cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution.  For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer et al. (2003) and http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp. The NLCD 2001 was created by partitioning the U.S. into mapping zones.  A total of 66 mapping zones were delineated within the conterminous U.S. based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge matching features and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics.  The Hawaiian mapping zone encompasses the state of Hawaii.  Questions about the NLCD Hawaiian mapping zone can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov. ">
<meta name="dc.publisher" content="U.S. Geological Survey">
<meta name="dc.contributor" content="U.S. Geological Survey,NOAA. ">
<meta name="dc.date" content="20030901">
<meta name="dc.type" content="data.remote-sensing image">
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<meta name="dc.coverage.x.min" scheme="DD" content="-160.27111">
<meta name="dc.coverage.x.max" scheme="DD" content="154.73944">
<meta name="dc.coverage.y.min" scheme="DD" content="-18.85833">
<meta name="dc.coverage.y.max" scheme="DD" content="22.29111">
<meta name="dc.coverage.placeName" content="United States">
<meta name="dc.coverage.placeName" content="U.S.">
<meta name="dc.coverage.placeName" content="US">
<meta name="dc.coverage.t.min" content="19990802">
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<h3>National Land Cover Database Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness Layer</h3>
Metadata also available as<p>
<h4>Frequently-anticipated questions:</h4>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="#what">What does this data set describe?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#what.1">How should this data set be cited?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.2">What geographic area does the data set cover?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.3">What does it look like?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.4">Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.5">What is the general form of this data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.6">How does the data set represent geographic features?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.7">How does the data set describe geographic features?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#who">Who produced the data set?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#who.1">Who are the originators of the data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#who.2">Who also contributed to the data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#who.3">To whom should users address questions about the data?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#why">Why was the data set created?</A>
<li><A HREF="#how">How was the data set created?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#how.1">From what previous works were the data drawn?</a>
<li><A HREF="#how.2">How were the data generated, processed, and modified?</a>
<li><A HREF="#how.3">What similar or related data should the user be aware of?</a>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#quality">How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#quality.1">How well have the observations been checked?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.2">How accurate are the geographic locations?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.3">How accurate are the heights or depths?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.4">Where are the gaps in the data?  What is missing?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.5">How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy">How can someone get a copy of the data set?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.0">Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.1">Who distributes the data?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.2">What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.3">What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.4">How can I download or order the data?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#metaref">Who wrote the metadata?</A>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="what">What does this data set describe?</A></h3>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
<dl>
<dt><em>Title:</em>  
<dd>

National Land Cover Database Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness Layer

</dd>
<dt><em>Abstract:</em>  
<dd>

The National Land Cover Database 2001 for the Hawaiian mapping zone was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium.  The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land Cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution.  For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer et al. (2003) and <A HREF="http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp">&lt;http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp&gt;</A>.
<P>
The NLCD 2001 was created by partitioning the U.S. into mapping zones.  A total of 66 mapping zones were delineated within the conterminous U.S. based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge matching features and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics.  The Hawaiian mapping zone encompasses the state of Hawaii.  Questions about the NLCD Hawaiian mapping zone can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.

</dd>
<dt><em>Supplemental_Information:</em>  
<dd>

Corner Coordinates (center of pixel, projection meters)
Upper Left Corner:   -345930 meters(X),  2132400 meters(Y)
Lower Right Corner:  237210 meters(X),  1753890 meters(Y)

</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="what.1"><b>How should this data set be cited?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
U.S. Geological Survey, 20030901, National Land Cover Database Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness Layer: None None, U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD.<p>
Online Links:
<ul>
<li><A HREF="http://www.mrlc.gov">&lt;http://www.mrlc.gov&gt;</A>
</ul>
<p>
</blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><em>Other_Citation_Details:</em>  
<dd>

References:
Yang, L, C. Huang, C. Homer, B. Wylie, and M. Coan, 2002. An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces:  Synergistic use of Landsat 7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery.  Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 29: 2, 230-240.
<P>
Homer, C., C. Huang, L. Yang, B. Wylie and M. Coan, 2004. Development of a 2001 national land cover database for the United States.  Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.
<P>
The USGS acknowledges the support of NOAA in development of data in this zone.

</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.2"><b>What geographic area does the data set cover?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt><em>West_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  -160.27111</dt>
<dt><em>East_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  154.73944</dt>
<dt><em>North_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  22.29111</dt>
<dt><em>South_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  -18.85833</dt>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.3"><b>What does it look like?</b></A><p>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.4"><b>Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt>Beginning_Date: 02-Aug-1999<dt>Ending_Date: 22-Feb-2003<dt><em>Currentness_Reference:</em>  ground condition</dt>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.5"><b>What is the general form of this data set?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt><em>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:</em>  remote-sensing image</dt>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.6"><b>How does the data set represent geographic features?</b></A><p>
<ol type="a">
<li><A NAME="what.6.a"><b>How are geographic features stored in the data set?</b></A><p>
This is a Raster data set.
It contains the following raster data types:
<ul>
<li> Dimensions 12560 x 19263 x 1, type Pixel
</ul>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.6.b"><b>What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?</b></A><p>
The map projection used is Albers Conical Equal Area.<p>
<dl>
<dt>Projection parameters:
<dd>
<dl>
<dt><em>Standard_Parallel:</em>  8.000000</dt>
<dt><em>Standard_Parallel:</em>  18.000000</dt>
<dt><em>Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:</em>  -157.000000</dt>
<dt><em>Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:</em>  3.000000</dt>
<dt><em>False_Easting:</em>  0.000000</dt>
<dt><em>False_Northing:</em>  0.000000</dt>
</dl>
</dl>
<p>
Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column<br>
Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 30.000000<br>
Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 30.000000<br>
Planar coordinates are specified in meters<p>
<p>
The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.<br>
The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.<br>
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.<br>
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.<br>
<p>
</ol>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.7"><b>How does the data set describe geographic features?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt><b><tt>Layer_1</tt></b><dd>NLDC Imperviousness Layer
  (Source: National Land Cover Database 2001)
<p>
<dl>
<dt><b><tt>ObjectID</tt></b><dd>Internal feature number
  (Source: ESRI)<p></p>
<p>
<em>Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.</em>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Value</tt></b><dd>Percent Imperviousness
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Count</tt></b><dd>A nominal integer value that designates the number of pixels that have each value in the file; histogram column in ERDAS Imagine raster attributes table
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<em>Integer</em>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Red</tt></b><dd>Red color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>CSS Color Value Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Green</tt></b><dd>Green color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>CSS Color Value Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Blue</tt></b><dd>Blue color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>CSS Color Value Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Opacity</tt></b><dd>A measure of how opaque, or solid, a color is displayed in a layer.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
</dl>
<p>
<dt><em>Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:</em>  Attributes defined by USGS and ESRI.</dt>
<dt><em>Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:</em>  
<dd>

Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section.  Note: To ensure all areas of the Hawaiian mapping zone are completely covered, a 3,000 meter (100 Landsat pixels) buffer was added to the boundary of the Hawaiian mapping zone.

</dd>
</dl>
<p>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="who">Who produced the data set?</A></h3>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="who.1"><b>Who are the originators of the data set?</b></A> (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)<p>
<ul>
<li>U.S. Geological Survey
</ul>
<p>
<li><A NAME="who.2"><b>Who also contributed to the data set?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
U.S. Geological Survey,NOAA.
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><A NAME="who.3"><b>To whom should users address questions about the data?</b></A><p>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Services Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
<dt><em>Contact_Instructions:</em>  
<dd>

The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to:
<A HREF="http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp">&lt;http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp&gt;</A> or email:  mrlc@usgs.gov

</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="why">Why was the data set created?</A></h3>
<blockquote>
The goal of this project is to provide the Nation with complete, current and consistent public domain information on its land use and land cover.
</blockquote>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="how">How was the data set created?</A></h3>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="how.1"><b>From what previous works were the data drawn?</b></A><p>
<li><A NAME="how.2"><b>How were the data generated, processed, and modified?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt>Date: Unknown (process 1 of 2)
<dd>
The method employed to map percent imperviousness for NLCD 2001 Hawaiian mapping zone consists of three key steps: deriving reference data of imperviousness from the high spatial resolution images, calibrating density prediction models using reference data and Landsat spectral bands, and extrapolating the developed models spatially to map per-pixel imperviousness.  This method is described in detail in Yang et al. (2003).  This method was applied to the Hawaiian mapping zone by USGS.
<p>
Person who carried out this activity:<br>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Service Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
</dl>
</div>
Data sources used in this process:
<ul>
<li>Landsat ETM, DOQQ, USGS/EROS
</ul>
<p>
Data sources produced in this process:
<ul>
<li>USGS NLCD
</ul>
<p>
<dt>Date: Unknown (process 2 of 2)
<dd>
To develop adequate training data for impervious estimation, NOAA's 2.4m classification was used as training.  This 2.4 classifcation exists for all areas of Hawaii except portions of the big island.  Imperviousness was generated for these areas using training from the original 2.4m classification.  The 2.4m classification was degraded to 30m and used in all areas of the islands where it existed.  This classification is available for download from NOAA's website listed here:  <A HREF="http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ccap/pacific/">&lt;http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ccap/pacific/&gt;</A>
<P>
By combining the training data with Landsat spectral data and other ancillary data, percent imperviousness prediction models were developed using a regression tree algorithm (named &quot;Cubist&quot;).   All data layers used as input for running the Cubist in order to establish the prediction model for imperviousness are listed in the &quot;Supplemental Information&quot; section.  Three ancillary data sets were used for urban/suburban delineation masking, which is essential to confine the imperviousness mapping within the developed areas.
<P>
After the best combination of possible input data layers had been determined and the final percent impervious layer produced, the urban mask created was used to eliminate those pixels from the final percent impervious file that fall outside identified impervious surface areas.  Thus, the impervious pixels identified within the mask were retained, while all non-impervious surface pixels were removed from the final product.  This corrected for any small areas of pixels that may have been included as part of the impervious surface layer because their spectral signature was not covered in the Cubist modeling process.  Finally, visual inspection of imperviousness layer was made with limited manual editing to eliminate non-urban areas based on area of interest delineated by the mapping team.
<P>
Acquisition dates of Landsat ETM+ (TM) scenes used for land cover classification in Hawaiian zone are as follows:
<P>
Path62 /Row 46 on 02/14/2000 = Scene ID 70620460214200000
Path62 /Row 46 on 12/30/2000 = Scene ID 70620461230200000
Path62 /Row 46 on 02/03/2002 = Scene ID 70620460203200200
Path62 /Row 47 on 02/14/2000 = Scene ID 70620470214200000
Path62 /Row 47 on 06/05/2000 = Scene ID 70620470605200000
Path62 /Row 47 on 01/31/2001 = Scene ID 70620470131200100
Path62 /Row 47 on 05/23/2001 = Scene ID 70620470523200100
Path62 /Row 47 on 01/02/2002 = Scene ID 70620470102200200
Path62 /Row 47 on 01/05/2003 = Scene ID 70620470105200300
Path62 /Row 47 on 02/22/2003 = Scene ID 70620470222200300
Path63 /Row 46 on 02/05/2000 = Scene ID 70630460205200000
Path63 /Row 46 on 09/16/2000 = Scene ID 70630460916200000
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/06/2001 = Scene ID 70630460106200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/22/2001 = Scene ID 70630460122200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 02/23/2001 = Scene ID 70630460223200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 08/02/2001 = Scene ID 70630460802200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 10/05/2001 = Scene ID 70630461005200100
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/09/2002 = Scene ID 70630460109200200
Path63 /Row 46 on 09/22/2002 = Scene ID 70630460922200200
Path63 /Row 46 on 01/28/2003 = Scene ID 70630460128200300
Path64 /Row 45 on 02/12/2000 = Scene ID 70640450212200000
Path64 /Row 45 on 02/28/2000 = Scene ID 70640450228200000
Path64 /Row 45 on 05/24/2002 = Scene ID 70640450524200200
Path64 /Row 45 on 07/27/2002 = Scene ID 70640450727200200
Path65 /Row 45 on 02/19/2000 = Scene ID 70650450219200000
Path65 /Row 45 on 12/19/2000 = Scene ID 70650451219200000
Path65 /Row 45 on 09/01/2001 = Scene ID 70650450901200100
Path65 /Row 45 on 12/22/2001 = Scene ID 70650451222200100
Path66 /Row 45 on 08/02/1999 = Scene ID 70660450802199900
Path66 /Row 45 on 01/09/2000 = Scene ID 70660450109200000
Path66 /Row 45 on 12/26/2000 = Scene ID 70660451226200000
Path66 /Row 45 on 01/11/2001 = Scene ID 70660450111200100
<P>
Landsat data and ancillary data used for the imperviousness prediction -
<P>
Data Type of DEM composed of 1 band and a Continuous Variable Type.
<P>
Data Type of Slope composed of 1 band and a Continuous Variable Type.
<P>
Data Type of Aspect composed of 1 band of Categorical Variable Type.
<P>
Data type of Position Index composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.
<P>
Ancillary data used for urban area masking include:
1. NOAA Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 1 km city light data (1 band)
2. MRLC 1992 classification (1 band)
3. TIGER 2000 roads (1 band)
<p>
Person who carried out this activity:<br>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Service Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
<dt><em>Contact_Instructions:</em>  
<dd>

The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  Questions about the NLCD Hawaiian mapping zone can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.

</dd>
</dl>
</div>
Data sources used in this process:
<ul>
<li>Landsat ETM, DEM
</ul>
<p>
Data sources produced in this process:
<ul>
<li>USGS NLCD
</ul>
<p>
</dl>
<li><A NAME="how.3"><b>What similar or related data should the user be aware of?</b></A><p>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="quality">How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?</A></h3>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="quality.1"><b>How well have the observations been checked?</b></A><p>
The information on data quality for the Hawaiian mapping zone was generated by the Regression Tree algorithm that conducts a cross-validation for assessing classification and prediction reliability.  No formal independent accuracy assessment of the Hawaiian mapping zone imperviousness has been made.  The regression tree algorithm employed in NLCD 2001 mapping offers a cross-validation option for assessing classification and prediction reliability.  Cross-validation can provide relatively reliable estimates for imperviousness predictions if the reference data used for cross-validation are collected based on a statistically valid sampling design.  For the Hawaiian mapping zone imperviousness modeling, a 5-fold cross-validation was conducted by dividing the entire training data set into 5 subsets of equal size.  For each model run, an accuracy estimate was derived using one subset to evaluate the model prediction (with the model developed using the remaining training samples).  This process was repeated 5 times.  After all 5 runs, an average value of all accuracy estimates from the 5 runs was computed.  Users should be cautioned that these cross-validation results provide users with only first-order estimates of data quality, and should not be considered a formal accuracy assessment.
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.2"><b>How accurate are the geographic locations?</b></A><p>
N/A
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.3"><b>How accurate are the heights or depths?</b></A><p>
N/A
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.4"><b>Where are the gaps in the data?  What is missing?</b></A><p>
This NLCD product of the Hawaiian mapping zone Imperviousness layer is the version dated 10-28-08.
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.5"><b>How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?</b></A><p>
The method employed to map percent imperviousness for NLCD 2001 Hawaiian mapping zone consists of three key steps: deriving reference data of imperviousness from the high spatial resolution images, calibrating density prediction models using reference data and Landsat spectral bands, and extrapolating the developed models spatially to map per-pixel imperviousness.
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="getacopy">How can someone get a copy of the data set?</A></h3>
<blockquote>
<A name="getacopy.0"><b>Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><em>Access_Constraints:</em>  None</dt>
<dt><em>Use_Constraints:</em>  None</dt>
</dl>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="getacopy.1"><b>Who distributes the data set?</b></A> (Distributor 1 of 1)<p>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Service Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
<dt><em>Contact_Instructions:</em>  
<dd>

The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  Questions about the NLCD Hawaiian mapping zone can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.

</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<li><A name="getacopy.2"><b>What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?</b></A><p>
<tt>Downloadable data</tt>
<p>
<li><A name="getacopy.3"><b>What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.  Data may have been compiled from various outside sources.  Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards.  This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results.
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><A name="getacopy.4"><b>How can I download or order the data?</b></A><p>
<ul>
<li><b>Availability in digital form:</b><p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr><th align="left" valign="top">Data&nbsp;format:</th>
<td>
Arc/Info Export Format and/or ArcView Shapefile
 (version ArcGIS 9.0)
ASCII
Size: 0.001
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="top">Network&nbsp;links:</th>
<td>
<A HREF="http://seamless.usgs.gov">&lt;http://seamless.usgs.gov&gt;</A><br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<li><b>Cost to order the data:</b> None<p>
<li><b>Special instructions:</b><p>
<blockquote>
Contact Customer Services
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><b>How long will it take to get the data?</b><p>
<blockquote>
Variable
</blockquote>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
<li><A NAME="getacopy.5"><b>Is there some other way to get the data?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
Contact Customer Services Representative
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><A name="getacopy.6"><b>What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
ESRI ArcMap Suite and/or Arc/Info software, and supporting operating systems.
</blockquote>
<p>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="metaref">Who wrote the metadata?</A></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Dates:
<dd>Last modified: 29-Oct-2008<br>
</dd>
<dt>Metadata author:
<dd>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Services Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
</dl>
</div>
</dd>
<dt>Metadata standard: <dd>FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)<dt>Metadata extensions used:
<dd>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html">&lt;http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html&gt;</A></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p></p>
<hr>
Generated by <A HREF="http://geology.usgs.gov/tools/metadata/tools/doc/mp.html"><tt>mp</tt></A> version 2.8.6 on Wed Oct 29 14:44:29 2008<br>

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