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<title>National Land Cover Database Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Land Cover Layer</title>
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<meta name="dc.title" content="National Land Cover Database Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Land Cover Layer ">
<meta name="dc.creator" content="U.S. Geological Survey ">
<meta name="dc.subject" content="Land Cover GIS U.S. Geological Survey USGS digital spatial data ">
<meta name="dc.description" content="The base Land Cover data layer for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico was produced by the International Institute of Tropical Forestry(IITF) and crosswalked to NLCD classes, with additional crop type modeling conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).  This original base data layer is available at http://fsgeodata.fs.fed.us/rastergateway/ An additional link for the publication associated with this work is http://tropicalforestry.net/Members/ehelmer/caribbean-vegetation-and-land-cover The full reference for this work is Kennaway, T., and E. H. Helmer. 2007. The forest types and ages cleared for land development in Puerto Rico. GIScience and Remote Sensing 44:356-382. NLCD data layers are made through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium.  The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution.  This landcover map and all documents pertaining to it are considered &quot;provisional&quot;  until a formal accuracy assessment can be conducted.  For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer et al. (2004) and http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp. The NLCD 2001 is created by partitioning the U.S. into mapping zones.  A total of 66 mapping zones were delineated within the conterminous U.S. based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge matching features and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics.  The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico encompasses the territory of Puerto Rico.  Questions about the NLCD landcover layer for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov. ">
<meta name="dc.publisher" content="U.S. Geological Survey">
<meta name="dc.contributor" content="U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),  the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States Forest Service (USFS), the International Institute of Tropical Forestry(IITF), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ">
<meta name="dc.date" content="20030901">
<meta name="dc.type" content="data.remote-sensing image">
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<meta name="dc.coverage.x.min" scheme="DD" content="-67.33027">
<meta name="dc.coverage.x.max" scheme="DD" content="65.31138">
<meta name="dc.coverage.y.min" scheme="DD" content="17.57222">
<meta name="dc.coverage.y.max" scheme="DD" content="18.73222">
<meta name="dc.coverage.placeName" content="United States">
<meta name="dc.coverage.placeName" content="U.S.">
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<h3>National Land Cover Database Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Land Cover Layer</h3>
Metadata also available as<p>
<h4>Frequently-anticipated questions:</h4>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="#what">What does this data set describe?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#what.1">How should this data set be cited?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.2">What geographic area does the data set cover?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.3">What does it look like?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.4">Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.5">What is the general form of this data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.6">How does the data set represent geographic features?</A>
<li><A HREF="#what.7">How does the data set describe geographic features?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#who">Who produced the data set?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#who.1">Who are the originators of the data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#who.2">Who also contributed to the data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#who.3">To whom should users address questions about the data?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#why">Why was the data set created?</A>
<li><A HREF="#how">How was the data set created?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#how.1">From what previous works were the data drawn?</a>
<li><A HREF="#how.2">How were the data generated, processed, and modified?</a>
<li><A HREF="#how.3">What similar or related data should the user be aware of?</a>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#quality">How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#quality.1">How well have the observations been checked?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.2">How accurate are the geographic locations?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.3">How accurate are the heights or depths?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.4">Where are the gaps in the data?  What is missing?</A>
<li><A HREF="#quality.5">How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy">How can someone get a copy of the data set?</A>
<ol>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.0">Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.1">Who distributes the data?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.2">What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.3">What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?</A>
<li><A HREF="#getacopy.4">How can I download or order the data?</A>
</ol>
<li><A HREF="#metaref">Who wrote the metadata?</A>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="what">What does this data set describe?</A></h3>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
<dl>
<dt><em>Title:</em>  
<dd>

National Land Cover Database Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Land Cover Layer

</dd>
<dt><em>Abstract:</em>  
<dd>

The base Land Cover data layer for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico was produced by the International Institute of Tropical Forestry(IITF) and crosswalked to NLCD classes, with additional crop type modeling conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).  This original base data layer is available at <A HREF="http://fsgeodata.fs.fed.us/rastergateway/">&lt;http://fsgeodata.fs.fed.us/rastergateway/&gt;</A>
<P>
An additional link for the publication associated with this work is <A HREF="http://tropicalforestry.net/Members/ehelmer/caribbean-vegetation-and-land-cover">&lt;http://tropicalforestry.net/Members/ehelmer/caribbean-vegetation-and-land-cover&gt;</A>
<P>
The full reference for this work is Kennaway, T., and E. H. Helmer. 2007. The forest types and ages cleared for land development in Puerto Rico. GIScience and Remote Sensing 44:356-382.
<P>
NLCD data layers are made through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium.  The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution.  This landcover map and all documents pertaining to it are considered &quot;provisional&quot;  until a formal accuracy assessment can be conducted.  For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer et al. (2004) and <A HREF="http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp">&lt;http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp&gt;</A>.
<P>
The NLCD 2001 is created by partitioning the U.S. into mapping zones.  A total of 66 mapping zones were delineated within the conterminous U.S. based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge matching features and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics.  The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico encompasses the territory of Puerto Rico.  Questions about the NLCD landcover layer for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.

</dd>
<dt><em>Supplemental_Information:</em>  
<dd>

Corner Coordinates (center of pixel, projection meters)
Upper Left Corner:  3092430 meters(X),  59400 meters(Y)
Lower Right Corner: 3345210 meters(X),  -78960 meters(Y)

</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="what.1"><b>How should this data set be cited?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
U.S. Geological Survey, 20030901, National Land Cover Database Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Land Cover Layer: None None, U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD.<p>
Online Links:
<ul>
<li><A HREF="http://www.mrlc.gov">&lt;http://www.mrlc.gov&gt;</A>
</ul>
<p>
</blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><em>Other_Citation_Details:</em>  
<dd>

References:
Homer, C., C. Huang, L. Yang, B. Wylie and M. Coan, 2004.  Development of a 2001 national land cover database for the United States.  Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Vol.70,No.7,pp 829-840 or online at www.mrlc.gov/publications.
The USGS acknowledges the support of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States Forest Service (USFS), the International Institute of Tropical Forestry(IITF), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in development of data in this zone.

</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.2"><b>What geographic area does the data set cover?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt><em>West_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  -67.33027</dt>
<dt><em>East_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  65.31138</dt>
<dt><em>North_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  18.73222</dt>
<dt><em>South_Bounding_Coordinate:</em>  17.57222</dt>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.3"><b>What does it look like?</b></A><p>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.4"><b>Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt>Beginning_Date: 27-Nov-1999<dt>Ending_Date: 22-Jan-2003<dt><em>Currentness_Reference:</em>  ground condition</dt>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.5"><b>What is the general form of this data set?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt><em>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:</em>  remote-sensing image</dt>
</dl>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.6"><b>How does the data set represent geographic features?</b></A><p>
<ol type="a">
<li><A NAME="what.6.a"><b>How are geographic features stored in the data set?</b></A><p>
This is a Raster data set.
It contains the following raster data types:
<ul>
<li> Dimensions 4613 x 8427 x 1, type Pixel
</ul>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.6.b"><b>What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?</b></A><p>
The map projection used is Albers Conical Equal Area.<p>
<dl>
<dt>Projection parameters:
<dd>
<dl>
<dt><em>Standard_Parallel:</em>  29.500000</dt>
<dt><em>Standard_Parallel:</em>  45.500000</dt>
<dt><em>Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:</em>  -96.000000</dt>
<dt><em>Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:</em>  23.000000</dt>
<dt><em>False_Easting:</em>  0.000000</dt>
<dt><em>False_Northing:</em>  0.000000</dt>
</dl>
</dl>
<p>
Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column<br>
Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 30.000000<br>
Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 30.000000<br>
Planar coordinates are specified in meters<p>
<p>
The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.<br>
The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.<br>
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.<br>
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.<br>
<p>
</ol>
<p>
<li><A NAME="what.7"><b>How does the data set describe geographic features?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt><b><tt>Layer_1</tt></b><dd>NLDC Land Cover Layer
  (Source: National Land Cover Database 2001)
<p>
<dl>
<dt><b><tt>ObjectID</tt></b><dd>Internal feature number
  (Source: ESRI)<p></p>
<p>
<em>Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.</em>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Count</tt></b><dd>A nominal integer value that designates the number of pixels that have each value in the file; histogram column in ERDAS Imagine raster attributes table
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<em>Integer</em>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Value</tt></b><dd>Land Cover Class Code Value.  Class definitions marked with an asterisk (*) are Coastal NLCD Classes only.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th>Value</th><th>Definition</th></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">1</td><td>No data value, Alaska zones only
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">11</td><td>Open Water - All areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover or vegetation or soil
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">12</td><td>Perennial Ice/Snow - All areas characterized by a perennial cover of ice and/or snow, generally greater than 25% of total cover.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">21</td><td>Developed, Open Space - Includes areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses.  Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover.  These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">22</td><td>Developed, Low Intensity -Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation.  Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of total cover.  These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">23</td><td>Developed, Medium Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the total cover.  These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">24</td><td>Developed, High Intensity - Includes highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial.  Impervious surfaces account for 80 to100 percent of the total cover.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">31</td><td>Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) - Barren areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">32</td><td>Unconsolidated Shore* - Unconsolidated material such as silt, sand, or gravel that is subject to inundation and redistribution due to the action of water. Characterized by substrates lacking vegetation except for pioneering plants that become established during brief periods when growing conditions are favorable. Erosion and deposition by waves and currents produce a number of landforms representing this class.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">41</td><td>Deciduous Forest  - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">42</td><td>Evergreen Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">43</td><td>Mixed Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. Neither deciduous nor evergreen species are greater than 75 percent of total tree cover.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">51</td><td>Dwarf Scrub - Alaska only areas dominated by shrubs less than 20 centimeters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This type is often co-associated with grasses, sedges, herbs, and non-vascular vegetation.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">52</td><td>Shrub/Scrub - Areas dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">71</td><td>Grassland/Herbaceous - Areas dominated by grammanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation.  These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling, but can be utilized for grazing.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">72</td><td>Sedge/Herbaceous - Alaska only areas dominated by sedges and forbs, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. This type can occur with significant other grasses or other grass like plants, and includes sedge tundra, and sedge tussock tundra.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">73</td><td>Lichens - Alaska only areas dominated by fruticose or foliose lichens generally greater than 80% of total vegetation.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">74</td><td>Moss- Alaska only areas dominated by mosses, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">81</td><td>Pasture/Hay  - Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">82</td><td>Cultivated Crops - Areas used for the production of annual crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton, and also perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">90</td><td>Woody Wetlands - Areas where forest or shrub land vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">91</td><td>Palustrine Forested Wetland* -Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">92</td><td>Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland* - Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation less than 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. The species present could be true shrubs, young trees and shrubs or trees that are small or stunted due to environmental conditions.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">93</td><td>Estuarine Forested Wetland* - Includes all tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">94</td><td>Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland* - Includes all tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation less than 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">95</td><td>Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">96</td><td>Palustrine Emergent Wetland (Persistent)* - Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by persistent emergent vascular plants, emergent mosses or lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Plants generally remain standing until the next growing season.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">97</td><td>Estuarine Emergent Wetland* - Includes all tidal wetlands dominated by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes (excluding mosses and lichens) and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent and that are present for most of the growing season in most years. Perennial plants usually dominate these wetlands.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">98</td><td>Palustrine Aquatic Bed* - The Palustrine Aquatic Bed class includes tidal and nontidal wetlands and deepwater habitats in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent and which are dominated by plants that grow and form a continuous cover principally on or at the surface of the water. These include algal mats, detached floating mats, and rooted vascular plant assemblages.
</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">99</td><td>Estuarine Aquatic Bed* - Includes tidal wetlands and deepwater habitats in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent and which are dominated by plants that grow and form a continuous cover principally on or at the surface of the water. These include algal mats, kelp beds, and rooted vascular plant assemblages.
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Red</tt></b><dd>Red color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>CSS Color Value Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Green</tt></b><dd>Green color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>CSS Color Value Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Blue</tt></b><dd>Blue color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes.  The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>CSS Color Value Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Opacity</tt></b><dd>A measure of how opaque, or solid, a color is displayed in a layer.
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr><th colspan="2">Range of values</th></tr>
<tr><th>Minimum:</th><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><th>Maximum:</th><td>100</td></tr>
<tr><th>Units:</th><td>Percentage</td></tr>
<tr><th>Resolution:</th><td>0.1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<dt><b><tt>Land cover class</tt></b><dd>Land Cover Class
  (Source: NLCD 2001)<p></p>
<p>
<em>Text</em>
<p>
</dl>
<p>
<dt><em>Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:</em>  
<dd>

Attributes defined by USGS and ESRI.
Class     Red	        Green	        Blue
0       0.000000000     0.000000000     0.000000000
1       0.000000000     1.000000000     0.000000000
11       0.325490196     0.462745098     0.662745098
12       0.854901961     0.913725490     1.000000000
21       0.913725490     0.819607843     0.815686275
22       0.890196078     0.615686275     0.545098039
23       0.976470588     0.000000000     0.000000000
24       0.705882353     0.000000000     0.000000000
31       0.741176471     0.725490196     0.670588235
32       1.000000000     1.000000000     1.000000000
41       0.443137255     0.701960784     0.419607843
42       0.137254902     0.423529412     0.231372549
43       0.752941176     0.827450980     0.607843137
51       0.694117647     0.588235294     0.235294118
52       0.835294118     0.764705882     0.533333333
71       0.925490196     0.925490196     0.796078431
72       0.823529412     0.823529412     0.505882353
73       0.635294118     0.796078431     0.321568627
74       0.513725490     0.725490196     0.619607843
81       0.901960784     0.882352941     0.282352941
82       0.709803922     0.486274510     0.200000000
90       0.760784314     0.878431373     0.949019608
95       0.486274510     0.674509804     0.772549020

</dd>
<dt><em>Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:</em>  
<dd>

Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section.  Note: To ensure all areas of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are completely covered, a 3,000 meter (100 Landsat pixels) buffer was added to the boundary of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

</dd>
</dl>
<p>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="who">Who produced the data set?</A></h3>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="who.1"><b>Who are the originators of the data set?</b></A> (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)<p>
<ul>
<li>U.S. Geological Survey
</ul>
<p>
<li><A NAME="who.2"><b>Who also contributed to the data set?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),  the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States Forest Service (USFS), the International Institute of Tropical Forestry(IITF), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><A NAME="who.3"><b>To whom should users address questions about the data?</b></A><p>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Services Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
<dt><em>Contact_Instructions:</em>  
<dd>

The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to:
<A HREF="http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp">&lt;http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp&gt;</A> or email:  mrlc@usgs.gov

</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="why">Why was the data set created?</A></h3>
<blockquote>
The goal of this project is to provide the Nation with complete, current and consistent public domain information on its land use and land cover.
</blockquote>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="how">How was the data set created?</A></h3>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="how.1"><b>From what previous works were the data drawn?</b></A><p>
<li><A NAME="how.2"><b>How were the data generated, processed, and modified?</b></A><p>
<dl>
<dt>Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
<dd>
The land cover classification was crosswalked from the original International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) classes to the corresponding NLCD classes, with additional processing steps using decision tree analysis conducted by NOAA.
To conduct the land cover classification using DT, a large quantity of training data is required. For the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, training data were collected from several combined sources including hand selected points from high resolution imagery.
<P>
Note that the training data were used to map all land cover classes except for four classes in urban and sub-urban areas (developed open space, low intensity developed, medium intensity developed, high intensity developed).  All urban and suburban land cover classes were mapped and quality assessed separately through a sub-pixel quantification of impervious surfaces using a regression tree modeling method.
<P>
Following the development of the best classification through decision tree modeling, additional steps were required to complete the final land cover product.  The four classes in urban and suburban areas were determined from the percent imperviousness mapping product (described in the next section).  The threshold for the four classes is: (1) developed open space (imperviousness &lt; 20%), (2) low-intensity developed (imperviousness from 20 - 49%), (3) medium intensity developed (imperviousness from 50 -79%), and (4) high-intensity developed (imperviousness &gt; 79%).  Other classes of forest and non-forest were combined with the urban classes to complete the land cover product.  Finally visual inspection of the classification was made with areas/pixels that were wrongly classified delineated first as an &quot;area of interest&quot; (AOI), subsequently then limited manual editing was done to eliminate the classification error within the AOI.
<P>
The completed single pixel product was then generalized to a 1 acre (approximately 5 ETM+ 30 m  pixel patch) minimum mapping unit product using a &quot;smart eliminate&quot; algorithm. This aggregation program subsumes pixels from the single pixel level to a 5-pixel patch using a queens algorithm at doubling intervals. The algorithm consults a weighting matrix to guide merging of cover types by similarity, resulting in a product that preserves land cover logic as much as possible.
Acquisition dates of Landsat ETM+ (TM) scenes used for land cover classification in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are as follows:
Index 1 For Path 04 /Row 48 on 03/27/00 = Scene ID 7004048000008710
Index 2 For Path 04 /Row 47 on 02/26/01 = Scene ID 7004047000105750
Index 3 For Path 05 /Row 48 on 11/13/00 = Scene ID 7005048000031810
Index 4 For Path 05 /Row 47 on 01/22/03 = Scene ID 7005047000302250
Index 5 For Path 05 /Row 47 on 11/27/99 = Scene ID 7005047009933110
Index 6                                            histogram_match
<P>
Landsat data and ancillary data used for the land cover prediction -
<P>
Data Type of DEM composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.
<P>
Data Type of Slope composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.
<P>
Data Type of Aspect composed of 1 band of Categorical Variable Type.
<P>
Data type of Position Index composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.
<p>
Person who carried out this activity:<br>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Service Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
</dl>
</div>
Data sources used in this process:
<ul>
<li>Landsat ETM, DOQQ, USDA, FIA, DEM, National Center,EROS, IKONOS
</ul>
<p>
Data sources produced in this process:
<ul>
<li>USGS NLCD
</ul>
<p>
</dl>
<li><A NAME="how.3"><b>What similar or related data should the user be aware of?</b></A><p>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="quality">How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?</A></h3>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="quality.1"><b>How well have the observations been checked?</b></A><p>
No formal independent accuracy assessment of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico land cover has been made. This landcover map and all documents pertaining to it are considered &quot;provisional&quot; until a formal accuracy assessment can be conducted. The base Land Cover data layer for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico was produced by the International Institute of Tropical Forestry(IITF) and crosswalked to NLCD classes, with additional crop type modeling conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).  This original base data layer is available at <A HREF="http://fsgeodata.fs.fed.us/rastergateway/">&lt;http://fsgeodata.fs.fed.us/rastergateway/&gt;</A>
<P>
An additional link for the publication associated with this work is
<A HREF="http://tropicalforestry.net/Members/ehelmer/caribbean-vegetation-and-land-cover">&lt;http://tropicalforestry.net/Members/ehelmer/caribbean-vegetation-and-land-cover&gt;</A>
<P>
The full reference for this work is Kennaway, T., and E. H. Helmer. 2007. The forest types and ages cleared for land development in Puerto Rico. GIScience and Remote Sensing 44:356-382.
<P>
Reported accuracies from the original classification were reported as greater than 75%.  The original classification completed by Eileen Helmer et. al and all associated documents are available here:  <A HREF="http://edcintl.cr.usgs.gov/macga/landcover.php">&lt;http://edcintl.cr.usgs.gov/macga/landcover.php&gt;</A>
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.2"><b>How accurate are the geographic locations?</b></A><p>
N/A
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.3"><b>How accurate are the heights or depths?</b></A><p>
N/A
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.4"><b>Where are the gaps in the data?  What is missing?</b></A><p>
This NLCD product of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Land Cover layer is the version dated 10-28-08.
<p>
<li><A NAME="quality.5"><b>How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?</b></A><p>
The NLCD 2001 database for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico consists of three main data products including: (1) per pixel classified land-cover data (2) sub-pixel percent imperviousness and (3) sub-pixel percent tree canopy density. Additional information may be found at <A HREF="http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k_nlcd.asp">&lt;http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k_nlcd.asp&gt;</A>.
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="getacopy">How can someone get a copy of the data set?</A></h3>
<blockquote>
<A name="getacopy.0"><b>Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><em>Access_Constraints:</em>  None</dt>
<dt><em>Use_Constraints:</em>  None</dt>
</dl>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>
<ol>
<li><A NAME="getacopy.1"><b>Who distributes the data set?</b></A> (Distributor 1 of 1)<p>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Service Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
<dt><em>Contact_Instructions:</em>  
<dd>

The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site.  Questions about the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico NLCD can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.

</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<li><A name="getacopy.2"><b>What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?</b></A><p>
<tt>Downloadable data</tt>
<p>
<li><A name="getacopy.3"><b>What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.  Data may have been compiled from various outside sources.  Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards.  This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results.
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><A name="getacopy.4"><b>How can I download or order the data?</b></A><p>
<ul>
<li><b>Availability in digital form:</b><p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr><th align="left" valign="top">Data&nbsp;format:</th>
<td>
Arc/Info Export Format and/or ArcView Shapefile
 (version ArcGIS 9.0)
ASCII
Size: 0.001
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="top">Network&nbsp;links:</th>
<td>
<A HREF="http://seamless.usgs.gov">&lt;http://seamless.usgs.gov&gt;</A><br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<li><b>Cost to order the data:</b> None<p>
<li><b>Special instructions:</b><p>
<blockquote>
Contact Customer Services
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><b>How long will it take to get the data?</b><p>
<blockquote>
Variable
</blockquote>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
<li><A NAME="getacopy.5"><b>Is there some other way to get the data?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
Contact Customer Services Representative
</blockquote>
<p>
<li><A name="getacopy.6"><b>What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?</b></A><p>
<blockquote>
ESRI ArcMap Suite and/or Arc/Info software, and supporting operating systems.
</blockquote>
<p>
</ol>
<p>
<hr>
<h3><A NAME="metaref">Who wrote the metadata?</A></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Dates:
<dd>Last modified: 30-Oct-2008<br>
</dd>
<dt>Metadata author:
<dd>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
U.S. Geological Survey<br>
Customer Services Representative<br>
USGS/EROS<br>
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001<br>
USA<br>
<p>
605/594-6151 (voice)<br>
605/594-6589 (FAX)<br>
custserv@usgs.gov<br>
<dl>
<dt><em>Hours_of_Service:</em>  0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)</dt>
</dl>
</div>
</dd>
<dt>Metadata standard: <dd>FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)<dt>Metadata extensions used:
<dd>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html">&lt;http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html&gt;</A></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p></p>
<hr>
Generated by <A HREF="http://geology.usgs.gov/tools/metadata/tools/doc/mp.html"><tt>mp</tt></A> version 2.8.6 on Fri Oct 31 08:27:46 2008<br>

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